Objective: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the most common metabolic diseases among women. Sexual dysfunction (SD) is a complication in patients with T2DM that has received less attention among women than men. This study aimed to assess the factors related to female SD in T2DM patients. Materials and Methods: 120 women with T2DM who referred to the Yazd Diabetes Center in 2019-2020 were selected. Female sexual function index (FSFI) as a valid questionnaire was used. Neuropathy, nephropathy, retinopathy, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, diabetes medication, Hb1Ac, age, and duration of diabetes as factors related to SD were assessed. The T-test and chi-square tests were used to analyze the data by SPSS 22 software. Results: The mean age of participants was 48.40 (±7.35). The SD was impaired in 85.8% of subjects and none of the participants showed a level of good function in any of the sexual domains. There was a significant relationship between SD and neuropathy (P= 0.005), hyperlipidemia (P= 0.007), hypertension (P= 0.015), diabetes medication (P= 0.005), age (P= 0.0001), and duration of diabetes (P= 0.0001). There was no significant relationship between SD and retinopathy (P= 0.565), nephropathy (P= 0.288), and Hb1Ac (P= 0.92). Conclusion: The frequency of SD in females with T2DM remarkably was high and the factors including age, duration of diabetes, diabetes medication, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and neuropathy were identified as factors related to SD.

Objective: Consuming too much fat or carbohydrates stimulates lipogenesis and excess fat is stored in non-fat tissues, including the liver, and manifests as obesity and fatty liver disease. This study aimed to investigate the effect of eight weeks of progressive resistance training (PRT) on the liver levels of some enzymes affecting lipid metabolism in rats fed a high-fat diet and sucrose solution. Materials and Methods: Twenty-four male wistar rats with 5 weeks of age were randomly divided into two groups: standard diet (SD) (n=8) and high-fat diet and sucrose solution (HFDS) (n=16). Twelve weeks later, HFDS group was divided into two groups: sedentary (HS) and PRT (HPRT). The PRT program was implemented 3 days a week for 8 weeks. Gene expression of AMPKa1, SCD-1, ATGL and FASN enzymes affecting lipid metabolism in liver tissue and its fat content were investigated. Results: HFDS significantly increased the body weight (P: 0.001) and significantly decreased the liver expression of ATGL and FASN (P: 0.001, P: 0.011). Eight weeks of PRT did not show a significant difference in the expression of AMPKa1, SCD-1, ATGL and FASN genes. Rats fed HFDS had considerably higher levels of triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) in their liver tissue (P: 0.004, P: 0.001) and PRT did not affect them (P: 0.959, P: 0.809 respectively). Conclusion: It seems that eight weeks of PRT will not change liver lipid metabolism enzymes. Therefore, modifying the diet and changing it, will probably show different results after PRT.

Objective: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a multifactorial genetic condition caused by the combination of genes and environmental factors. Several variations linked to T2DM have been discovered in recent genetic investigations, particularly genome-wide association studies (GWAS). This study aimed to investigate genes involved in T2DM, focusing on the NGS analysis and studying the genetic basis of T2DM to improve diagnosis, prevention, and treatment. Materials and Methods: We selected 5 families based on the diagnosis of diabetes at the age of 30 years or earlier in at least 3 consecutive generations for NGS analyses. Results: For each of the 5 participants tested thus far, a mean of 11 to 21 variants of clinical significance were detected. These variants were located in different genes, which indicate the association of these genes with susceptibility to diabetes. WFS1 and INS gene mutations were present in all five diabetic patients analyzed. Specifically, mutations in WFS1, KCNJ11, ABCC8, HNF1B, INS, GCKR, HNF1A and PCSK1N account for 25%, 13%, 8%, 7%, 7%, 6%, 6% and 6% of patients, respectively. Conclusion: WFS1 is the most often altered gene in our participants with putative alterations, according to our findings (25%). WFS1 mutations were discovered in all of the probands.

Objective: Overweight and obesity is associated with insulin resistance and is the most important risk factor of type 2 diabetes (T2DM). In present study, we assessed glycemic profile and insulin resistance response to a short term aerobic training in middle-aged men with abdominal obesity. Materials and Methods: The subjects included 28 abdominally obese (waist circumference=102cm) middle-aged men (39 ± 5 year) that were divided into exercise (n=14) or control (n=14) groups by randomly. Exercise subject were completed a short-term aerobic training at 55-70 % of maximal heart rate (6 weeks, 3 times / weekly) and control subjects remained no training. Pre-training and post-training of anthropometrical markers, fasting glucose, hemoglobin (HbA1C), insulin and insulin resistance were measured of 2 groups and compared by independent – paired t test (SPSS, Version 22.0). Results: Aerobic exercise resulted in a significant decrease in glucose level (114 ± 13 versus 101 ± 11 mg/dL, P: 0.009) and HbA1C (6.14 ± 1.11 versus 4.91 ± 1.23, P: 0.021) in exercise group. But no significant changes were observed in insulin (8.31 ± 4.12 versus 8.29 ± 3.21, P: 0.119) and insulin resistance (2.34 ± 0.51 versus 2.07 ± 0.59, P: 0.073) in exercise groups. Conclusion: Based on our finding, aerobic training independent of insulin function is associated with improved glucose in middle-aged obese men and this improvement can be attributed to other changes caused by exercise that requires further study in this area.

Objective: Diabetes is a non-communicable disease. The patient satisfaction with treatment is a key point of patient’s compliance. Definitive treatment for patients with type 1 diabetes is lifelong insulin injections, but type 1 diabetic patients are commonly in poor glycemic state due to poor compliance. Therefore, it is necessary to check insulin treatment satisfaction in this population. Therefore, the main purpose of this study was to evaluate the satisfaction of insulin treatment in patients with type 1 diabetes in Yazd. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 114 patients with type 1 diabetes participated. Persian version of Insulin Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire (ITSQ) used. All analyzes were performed by SPSS 22. Results: The overall satisfaction mean score in this study was 49.72(± 8.88). Insulin treatment satisfaction score had a significant positive correlation with BMI (P: 0.00) and age (P: 0.04). Hypoglycemic control sub-scale showed a positive correlation with BMI (P: 0.01) and age (P: 0.01). Also, inconvenience of insulin therapy regimen sub-scale showed a significant positive correlation with age (P: 0.04). Overall satisfaction and sub-groups had no significant correlation with other variables. Conclusion: The overall satisfaction in type 1 diabetics was unacceptable. Understanding the pathogenesis of this problem could guide health care providers for better and effective management of type 1 diabetes. Also, a more comprehensive approach with consider all potentially relevant variables is necessary.

Objective: To evaluate restless leg syndrome (RLS) in type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) in Lahore. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study design was recruited for this study. Non-probability purposive sampling technique was used to select the patients in the study. The data was collected from the Pakistan Society for the Rehabilitation of Disabled (PSRD) Hospital and Hameed Latif Hospital Lahore. Patients diagnosed with T2DM with a maximum of 10 years, ages between 35 to 65 years, and patients who suffer from minor complications of diabetes mellitus were in cluded in the study. The RLS rating scale was used to assess the severity of restlessness in participants. Results: Out of 144 subjects, the frequency of the RLS was 71.5% and the majority was more in females as compared to male subjects. The female subjects have moderate severity of RLS while male subjects have mild severity of RLS. Conclusion: The frequency of RLS was high in patients with T2DM and females were more prone to RLS as compared to male subjects.

Objective: Overweight and obesity is associated with insulin resistance and is the most important risk factor of type 2 diabetes (T2DM). In present study, we assessed glycemic profile and insulin resistance response to a short term aerobic training in middle-aged men with abdominal obesity. Materials and Methods: The subjects included 28 abdominally obese (waist circumference=102cm) middle-aged men (39 ± 5 year) that were divided into exercise (n=14) or control (n=14) groups by randomly. Exercise subject were completed a short-term aerobic training at 55-70 % of maximal heart rate (6 weeks, 3 times / weekly) and control subjects remained no training. Pre-training and post-training of anthropometrical markers, fasting glucose, hemoglobin (HbA1C), insulin and insulin resistance were measured of 2 groups and compared by independent – paired t test (SPSS, Version 22.0). Results: Aerobic exercise resulted in a significant decrease in glucose level (114 ± 13 versus 101 ± 11 mg/dL, P: 0.009) and HbA1C (6.14 ± 1.11 versus 4.91 ± 1.23, P: 0.021) in exercise group. But no significant changes were observed in insulin (8.31 ± 4.12 versus 8.29 ± 3.21, P: 0.119) and insulin resistance (2.34 ± 0.51 versus 2.07 ± 0.59, P: 0.073) in exercise groups. Conclusion: Based on our finding, aerobic training independent of insulin function is associated with improved glucose in middle-aged obese men and this improvement can be attributed to other changes caused by exercise that requires further study in this area.

Objective: Health literacy improves self-regulation and management of diabetes through proper diets in diabetic men. As a result, they will gain more knowledge about the effects of this disease on marital life and sexual relationships. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between women’s marital intimacy with sexual satisfaction and health literacy among husbands with diabetes.

Objective: Diabetes is a chronic medical condition that can be caused by either inherited or acquired insufficiency insulin secretion